A photograph of liquefaction in a garden. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "8A Waygreen Avenue".
A photograph of liquefaction in a residential property. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "8 Waygreen Avenue".
Liquefaction silt in the garden of a block of flats on the corner of Gayhurst Road and Locksley Avenue.
A photograph of a house surrounded by liquefaction. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "20 Waygreen Avenue".
A photograph of a house surrounded by liquefaction. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "14 Waygreen Avenue".
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A damaged fence at Moncrieff Place shows the extent of the liquefaction".
A digger scrapes up liquefaction silt from Warden Street in Shirley. The photographer comments, "Clearing silt in Warden St".
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A residential property on Waygreen Avenue in New Brighton. A note reads, 'Don't bother digging! Thanks anyway'. This family moved out after the February earthquakes, due to damage from liquefaction. The stone made the house heavy so it sank and suffered from silt and water creating mould and other problems inside the house".
A photograph of a pile of liquefaction and other rubble on the side of a residential road in Christchurch. The material has been removed from a property and placed on the road for the Christchurch City Council to collect. A road cone has been placed next to the pile to warn road users of its presence.
This has made a huge mess for the residents to clean up. I heard on the news that homes have been damaged by subsidence in areas of earthquake-caused liquefaction like this.
A photograph submitted by Ross Williamson to the QuakeStories website. The description reads, "Halberg Street house flooding from liquefaction".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The apartment tower at 100 Armagh Street with a significant lean due to liquefaction".
A photograph of a liquefaction-covered residential property. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "11 Brynn Lane, Bexley".
Residents and workers preparing for cleanup. Some are wearing face masks to protect themselves from the dust from liquefaction silt.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Liquefaction covers a driveway at Jean Batten Place in the Horseshoe Lake area".
A photograph of abandoned furniture surrounded by liquefaction. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "8A Waygreen Avenue".
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, " Liquefaction covers a driveway at Jean Batten Place in the Horseshoe Lake area".
Residents and workers preparing for cleanup. Some are wearing face masks to protect themselves from the dust from liquefaction silt.
Residents and workers preparing for cleanup. Some are wearing face masks to protect themselves from the dust from liquefaction silt.
A photograph of a house surrounded by liquefaction. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "8A Waygreen Avenue".
A photograph of a pile of liquefaction-damaged carpets. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "20 Waygreen Avenue".
A photograph of a house surrounded by liquefaction. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "125 Cass Street, Kaiapoi".
Liquefaction silt in the forecourt of the Challenge petrol station on the corner of Creswell Avenue and New Brighton Road.
Semi-empirical models based on in-situ geotechnical tests have become the standard of practice for predicting soil liquefaction. Since the inception of the “simplified” cyclic-stress model in 1971, variants based on various in-situ tests have been developed, including the Cone Penetration Test (CPT). More recently, prediction models based soley on remotely-sensed data were developed. Similar to systems that provide automated content on earthquake impacts, these “geospatial” models aim to predict liquefaction for rapid response and loss estimation using readily-available data. This data includes (i) common ground-motion intensity measures (e.g., PGA), which can either be provided in near-real-time following an earthquake, or predicted for a future event; and (ii) geospatial parameters derived from digital elevation models, which are used to infer characteristics of the subsurface relevent to liquefaction. However, the predictive capabilities of geospatial and geotechnical models have not been directly compared, which could elucidate techniques for improving the geospatial models, and which would provide a baseline for measuring improvements. Accordingly, this study assesses the realtive efficacy of liquefaction models based on geospatial vs. CPT data using 9,908 case-studies from the 2010-2016 Canterbury earthquakes. While the top-performing models are CPT-based, the geospatial models perform relatively well given their simplicity and low cost. Although further research is needed (e.g., to improve upon the performance of current models), the findings of this study suggest that geospatial models have the potential to provide valuable first-order predictions of liquefaction occurence and consequence. Towards this end, performance assessments of geospatial vs. geotechnical models are ongoing for more than 20 additional global earthquakes.
A photograph of a detour sign on Ferry Road.
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Bridge Street, South Brighton".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "QEII stadium".
Abandoned residential properties on Seabreeze Close in Bexley. The front yards and footpaths are covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction.
An abandoned residential property at 36 Waygreen Avenue in New Brighton. The section is overgrown with weeds and silt from liquefaction.
Building rubble and liquefaction on the footpath outside the former Public Library on the corner of Hereford Street and Cambridge Terrace.