A digger scrapes up liquefaction silt from Warden Street in Shirley. The photographer comments, "Clearing silt in Warden St".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Kerrs Reach rowing facility".
Workers repairing pipes on St Johns Street in Woolston.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Orion workers in Bower Avenue, New Brighton".
A large crack in the ground at Sullivan Park in Avonside which has resulted from the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Forest Park on Bower Avenue in New Brighton. The silt on the road was awful, but most people's gardens were relatively unscathed".
A 'Road Closed' sign on St Johns Street in Woolston, where underground repairs are being undertaken.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Moira Fraser standing beside this pole to show the normal height for the marker with two round luminous spots which is at ground level in the previous photo".
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Avonside and Retreat Roads post earthquake".
A footpath on Galbraith Avenue in Avonside showing cracking from the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Behind it, Sullivan Park can be seen.
A photograph submitted by Ross Williamson to the QuakeStories website. The description reads, "Halberg Street house flooding from liquefaction".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The apartment tower at 100 Armagh Street with a significant lean due to liquefaction".
A photograph of a liquefaction-covered residential property. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "11 Brynn Lane, Bexley".
Residents and workers preparing for cleanup. Some are wearing face masks to protect themselves from the dust from liquefaction silt.
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Liquefaction covers a driveway at Jean Batten Place in the Horseshoe Lake area".
A photograph of abandoned furniture surrounded by liquefaction. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "8A Waygreen Avenue".
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, " Liquefaction covers a driveway at Jean Batten Place in the Horseshoe Lake area".
Residents and workers preparing for cleanup. Some are wearing face masks to protect themselves from the dust from liquefaction silt.
Residents and workers preparing for cleanup. Some are wearing face masks to protect themselves from the dust from liquefaction silt.
A photograph of a house surrounded by liquefaction. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "8A Waygreen Avenue".
A photograph of a pile of liquefaction-damaged carpets. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "20 Waygreen Avenue".
A photograph of a house surrounded by liquefaction. The photograph is captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "125 Cass Street, Kaiapoi".
Liquefaction silt in the forecourt of the Challenge petrol station on the corner of Creswell Avenue and New Brighton Road.
Semi-empirical models based on in-situ geotechnical tests have become the standard of practice for predicting soil liquefaction. Since the inception of the “simplified” cyclic-stress model in 1971, variants based on various in-situ tests have been developed, including the Cone Penetration Test (CPT). More recently, prediction models based soley on remotely-sensed data were developed. Similar to systems that provide automated content on earthquake impacts, these “geospatial” models aim to predict liquefaction for rapid response and loss estimation using readily-available data. This data includes (i) common ground-motion intensity measures (e.g., PGA), which can either be provided in near-real-time following an earthquake, or predicted for a future event; and (ii) geospatial parameters derived from digital elevation models, which are used to infer characteristics of the subsurface relevent to liquefaction. However, the predictive capabilities of geospatial and geotechnical models have not been directly compared, which could elucidate techniques for improving the geospatial models, and which would provide a baseline for measuring improvements. Accordingly, this study assesses the realtive efficacy of liquefaction models based on geospatial vs. CPT data using 9,908 case-studies from the 2010-2016 Canterbury earthquakes. While the top-performing models are CPT-based, the geospatial models perform relatively well given their simplicity and low cost. Although further research is needed (e.g., to improve upon the performance of current models), the findings of this study suggest that geospatial models have the potential to provide valuable first-order predictions of liquefaction occurence and consequence. Towards this end, performance assessments of geospatial vs. geotechnical models are ongoing for more than 20 additional global earthquakes.
A photograph of a detour sign on Ferry Road.
A photograph captioned by Paul Corliss, "Bridge Street, South Brighton".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "QEII stadium".
Abandoned residential properties on Seabreeze Close in Bexley. The front yards and footpaths are covered with weeds and silt from liquefaction.
An abandoned residential property at 36 Waygreen Avenue in New Brighton. The section is overgrown with weeds and silt from liquefaction.
Building rubble and liquefaction on the footpath outside the former Public Library on the corner of Hereford Street and Cambridge Terrace.