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Tectonic Geomorphology and Paleoseismicity of the Northern Esk Fault, Nort…
Research papers, University of Canterbury Library
Geomorphic, structural and chronological data are used to establish the late Quaternary paleoseismicity of the active dextral-oblique Northern Esk Fault in North Canterbury, New Zealand. Detailed field mapping of the preserved c. 35 km of surface traces between the Hurunui River and Ashley Head reveals variations in strike ranging from 005° to 057°. Along with kinematic data collected from fault plane striae and offset geomorphic markers along the length of the fault these variations are used to distinguish six structural subsections of the main trace, four dextral-reverse and two dextral-normal. Displacements of geomorphic markers such as minor streams and ridges are measured using differential GPS and rangefinder equipment to reveal lateral offsets ranging from 3.4 to 23.7 m and vertical offsets ranging from < 1 to 13.5 m. Characteristic single event displacements of c. 5 m and c. 2 m have been calculated for strike-slip and reverse sections respectively. The use of fault scaling relationships reveals an anomalously high displacement to surface rupture length ratio when compared to global data sets. Fault scaling relationships based on width limited ruptures and magnitude probabilities from point measurements of displacement imply earthquake magnitudes of Mw 7.0 to 7.5. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) ages from displaced Holocene alluvial terraces at the northern extent of the active trace along with OSL and radiocarbon samples of the central sections constrain the timing of the last two surface rupturing events (11.15 ±1.65 and 3.5 ± 2.8 ka) and suggest a recurrence interval of c. 5612 ± 445 years and late Quaternary reverse and dextral slip rates of c. 0.31 mm/yr and 0.82 mm/yr respectively. The results of this study show that the Northern Esk Fault accommodates an important component of the c. 0.7 – 2 mm/yr of unresolved strain across the plate boundary within the North Canterbury region and affirm the Esk Fault as a source of potentially damaging ground shaking in the Canterbury region.
Umut Akguzel Photograph 191
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph looking north down Colombo Street, from the intersection of Armagh Street. In the distance, rubble from the partially-collapsed Winnie Bagoes building can be seen on the road.
BeckerFraserPhotos July 2011 photograph 766
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The north-west corner of Gloucester and Madras Streets. The rubble the diggers are working on is the remains of 271 Madras Street".
WEMO ERT Set 1 - March 2011 - Photograph 30
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph looking north up Barbadoes Street from the intersection of Gloucester Street. In the distance there is a cloud of dust and a partially-collapsed fish-and-chip store.
WEMO ERT Set 1 - March 2011 - Photograph 29
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph looking north up Barbadoes Street from the intersection of Gloucester Street. In the distance there is a cloud of dust and a partially-collapsed fish-and-chip store.
WEMO ERT Set 1 - March 2011 - Photograph 97
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph of the earthquake-damaged Stone Chamber of the Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings on Durham Street North. Large sections of the Chamber have collapsed and the masonry and other rubble has spilled onto the footpath in front. To the left scaffolding constructed up the side of the building has also collapsed and twisted out of shape. Wire fences have been placed along the side of the building as a cordon.
Photograph by Neil Macbeth 499
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Members of the World Mission Society Church of God inside their pavilion on North Parade in Shirley. The group has been giving out free sausages and soft drinks to passers by.
BeckerFraserPhotos April 2011 photograph 679
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A view down Manchester Street looking north from Tuam Street. To the left is Peaches and Cream with bracing above the windows and in the distance collapsed buildings can be seen.
BeckerFraserPhotos June 2011 photograph 266
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Damage to the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. The south-west corner of the building has collapsed, exposing the rooms inside, and the north-west corner is supported by shipping containers.
A Mosaic of Liquefaction
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Dried liquefaction silt in North New Brighton. The photographer comments, "Here you can see the very fine surface layer of liquefaction starting to shrink, crack and then curl up on itself".
BeckerFraserPhotos June 2011 photograph 174
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The north-west corner of Manchester and Gloucester Streets (Map World). Extensive frontal collapse of the Gloucester Street frontage during the 13 June 2011 earthquake".
BeckerFraserPhotos June 2011 photograph 261
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Damage to the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. The south-west corner of the building has collapsed, exposing the rooms inside, and the north-west corner is supported by shipping containers.
Central City Tour, 4 April 2011 - Photograph 21
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Damage to the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Extensive damage can be seen on the north-west and south-west corners of the building, and cracking is visible underneath the dome.
BeckerFraserPhotos June 2011 photograph 262
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Damage to the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. The south-west corner of the building has collapsed, exposing the rooms inside, and the north-west corner is supported by shipping containers.
Photograph by Neil Macbeth 336
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Residents working to clear liquefaction from their properties in north-east Christchurch. The liquefaction has been piled on the side of the road where it will be collected by road maintenance contractors.
The Southland Times Image: Robyn Edie 2011:02:25 13:05:37
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Arnold and Joy Pohio of Kaiapoi, north of Christchurch, speak of their son Joseph Pohio 40 yrs, who was killed during the earthquake while in the central city."
BeckerFraserPhotos September 2011 photograph 562
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Corner of Manchester and Gloucester Streets with the site of Iconic in the foreground and the SBS building being demolished to the right. North-east view".
BeckerFraserPhotos December 2011 photograph 0378
Images, UC QuakeStudies
An aerial photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "A aerial view looking north-west over Christchurch with the River Avon in the foreground and Horseshoe Lake in the centre of the photo".
Photograph by Neil Macbeth 315
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A resident using a small digger to clear liquefaction from his property in north-east Christchurch. He is piling the liquefaction on the side of the road where it will be collected.
Photograph by Neil Macbeth 097
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Cracking around the lamp post at the north end of Cranmer Square. In the background, crowds of people are standing around the square, where they evacuated to after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Photograph by Neil Macbeth 179
Images, UC QuakeStudies
The Christ Church Cathedral viewed from north Colombo Street. The collapsed tower can be seen as well as emergency personnel, including members of the police and the fire service, working in the rubble.
TJ's Kazbah, New Brighton After the Christchurch Earthquake (2)
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Damage to TJ's Kazbah in New Brighton. The east and north walls and part of the upper floor have collapsed, tipping rubble and the contents of the rooms out onto the street. The photographer comments, "The occupants of the business and rooms all managed to escape alive. A digger was used to make the building safe and then used to sift through the rubble for any surviving belongings. It was a very emotional time for the ex-occupants".
Photograph by Neil Macbeth 338
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A collapsed section of road in north-east Christchurch. In the background, residents have piled liquefaction from their properties on the side of the road where it will be collected by road maintenance contractors.
Photograph by Neil Macbeth 339
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A collapsed section of road in north-east Christchurch. In the background, residents have piled liquefaction from their properties on the side of the road where it will be collected by road maintenance contractors.
Umut Akguzel Photograph 426
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph looking north up Colombo Street from near the intersection with Tuam Street. Building rubble litters the left side of the road, as well as the right in some places in the distance.
Umut Akguzel Photograph 453
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph looking north along Manchester Street from near the intersection with St Asaph Street. Badly-damaged buildings can be seen on each side of the street and the road has been closed off.
BeckerFraserPhotos September 2011 photograph 340
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "High Street/Cashel Street intersection".
Umut Akguzel Photograph 321
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph of the north side of the ChristChurch Cathedral. The tower has been partially demolished with a large pile of rubble in front. The Citizens' War Memorial can be seen to the left.
Like Shattered Guttering
Images, UC QuakeStudies
Dried liquefaction silt in North New Brighton. The photographer comments, "The liquefaction after the 23 December earthquake in Christchurch started to dry out and the thicker deposits started to curl up like broken drain pipe".
Umut Akguzel Photograph 324
Images, UC QuakeStudies
A photograph of the north side of the ChristChurch Cathedral. The tower has been partially demolished leaving a large pile of rubble in front. The Citizens' War Memorial can be seen to the left.