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Images, UC QuakeStudies

Dried liquefaction silt in North New Brighton. The photographer comments, "This is the the top layer of liquefaction that has dried up in the hot sun. A broken eggshell is around 5 times stronger than these, but a fallen leaf is just not enough to break one. You can see underneath that the heavier sandy layer of liquefaction has dried and has cracked as well".

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

Many large-scale earthquakes all over the world have highlighted the impact of soil liquefaction to the built environment, but the scale of liquefaction-induced damage experienced in Christchurch and surrounding areas following the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence (CES) was unparalleled, especially in terms of impact to an urban area. The short time interval between the large earthquakes presented a very rare occasion to examine liquefaction mechanism in natural deposits. The re-liquefaction experienced by the city highlighted the high liquefaction susceptibility of soil deposits in Christchurch, and presented a very challenging problem not only to the local residents but to the geotechnical engineering profession. This paper summarises the lessons learned from CES, and the impacts of the observations made to the current practice of liquefaction assessment and mitigation.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Moira Fraser stands on a mound of liquefaction. The liquefaction is high enough that she is able to hold onto to the spouting of the house next to the mound. A broken fence can be seen protruding through the liquefaction. The property is on Waireka Lane in Bexley.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Road damage and liquefaction in a residential street. The photographer comments, "A great gouge in the road caused by liquefaction undermining the road surface and a car driving over it. This was the earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand on 22 February 2011".