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Images, Canterbury Museum

One right rear black Mazda CX7 car door damaged during the 22 February 2011 earthquake; white USAR spray paint markings 'P/T // CLE[AR]'. This panel once belonged to a Mazda CX7 car that was crushed by falling rubble during the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Considerably bent out of shape, it demonstrates the potential danger from falling masonry...

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

During the Christchurch earthquake of February 2011, several midrise reinforced concrete masonry (RCM) buildings showed performance levels that fall in the range of life safety to near collapse. A case study of one of these buildings, a six-story RCM building deemed to have reached the near collapse performance level, is presented in this paper. The RCM walls on the second floor failed due to toe crushing, reducing the building's lateral resistance in the east–west direction. A three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear dynamic analysis was conducted to simulate the development of the governing failure mechanism. Analysis results showed that the walls that were damaged were subjected to large compression loads during the earthquake, which caused an increase in their in-plane lateral strength but reduced their ductility capacity. After toe crushing failure, axial instability of the model was prevented by a redistribution of gravity loads. VoR - Version of Record

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

The Manchester Courts building was a heritage building located in central Christchurch (New Zealand) that was damaged in the Mw 7.1 Darfield earthquake on 4 September 2010 and subsequently demolished as a risk reduction exercise. Because the building was heritage listed, the decision to demolish the building resulted in strong objections from heritage supporters who were of the opinion that the building had sufficient residual strength to survive possible aftershock earthquakes. On 22 February 2011 Christchurch was struck by a severe aftershock, leading to the question of whether building demolition had proven to be the correct risk reduction strategy. Finite element analysis was used to undertake a performance-based assessment, validating the accuracy of the model using the damage observed in the building before its collapse. In addition, soil-structure interaction was introduced into the research due to the comparatively low shear wave velocity of the soil. The demolition of a landmark heritage building was a tragedy that Christchurch will never recover from, but the decision was made considering safety, societal, economic and psychological aspects in order to protect the city and its citizens. The analytical results suggest that the Manchester Courts building would have collapsed during the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, and that the collapse of the building would have resulted in significant fatalities.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Scaffolding that has been constructed on the Manchester Street face of the Octagon Live Restaurant (formerly Trinity Church), which is being repaired. Masonry has fallen from one of the building's gables, and the resultant gap has been weather proofed with plywood and a tarpaulin. The site has been enclosed in a safety fence that cuts off one lane of the road.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

The A and T Burt building on Ferry Road in Woolston. Bricks from the top section of the building have fallen away. Signs advertising two businesses housed in the building, Superheat and Junk and Disorderly, can be seen sitting in front of it. The footpath is covered with brick dust and small pieces of masonry from when the larger pieces were cleared away.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view across Worcester Street in Linwood to a block of shops showing severe damage after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The businesses include Talon Arms and Wick's Fish. Masonry and structural components from the buildings has collapsed onto the footpath and road. A sign in front of Talon Arms has been spray painted with the words, "Guns gone".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

St John's Presbyterian Church on Winchester Street in Lyttelton. The ground around the church has been strewn with masonry from the church's walls and collapsed tower. The building's front door has been red-stickered and a sign that reads "No entry" is stuck to it. The spire of the collapsed tower has fallen in front of the church, which has been enclosed by a safety fence.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

People walk along Tuam Street carrying bags and boxes. Brick dust covers the street where fallen bricks have been cleared, and on the left emergency tapes cordons off Manchester Street. The photographer comments, "This was taken shortly after the 4th September earthquake. Police allowed us free access past the cordon and simply advised us to watch out for falling masonry. The access situation was much different after the February aftershock".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Scaffolding that has been constructed on the Manchester Street face of the Octagon Live Restaurant (formerly Trinity Church), which is being repaired. Masonry has fallen from one of the building's gables, and the resultant gap has been weather proofed with plywood and a tarpaulin. The site has been enclosed in a safety fence that cuts off one lane of the road.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The Christchurch Cathedral after loosing its tower and spire after the 6.3 quake hit Christchurch 22 February 2011. The February 22 quake cracked pillars, twisted walls, shattered stained glass, collapsed buttresses, fractured masonry and toppled the tower. The rose window in the west wall collapsed in the June aftershocks. Demolition of the Chr...

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures comprise a majority of the global built heritage. The masonry heritage of New Zealand is comparatively younger to its European counterparts. In a country facing frequent earthquakes, the URM buildings are prone to extensive damage and collapse. The Canterbury earthquake sequence proved the same, causing damage to over _% buildings. The ability to assess the severity of building damage is essential for emergency response and recovery. Following the Canterbury earthquakes, the damaged buildings were categorized into various damage states using the EMS-98 scale. This article investigates machine learning techniques such as k-nearest neighbors, decision trees, and random forests, to rapidly assess earthquake-induced building damage. The damage data from the Canterbury earthquake sequence is used to obtain the forecast model, and the performance of each machine learning technique is evaluated using the remaining (test) data. On getting a high accuracy the model is then run for building database collected for Dunedin to predict expected damage during the rupture of the Akatore fault.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Several vehicles on Gloucester Street which have been crushed by falling masonry from Wave House (Winnie Bagoes Gourmet Pizza Bar). Emergency personnel have spray painted two of the cars with the word "Clear" to indicate they have been checked for trapped or injured people. The scene has been cordoned off by New Zealand Fire Service tape.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

"Open Theatre" - The Odeon Built in 1883 and known as the Tuam Street Hall or Theatre and was New Zealand's oldest masonry, purpose built theatre. In 1930, it became the St. James Theatre, It became The Odeon Movie Theatre in 1960. Demolition started in September 2012 after the Christchurch earthquakes of 2010/2011 but seems to have stopped!?

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

Unreinforced masonry (URM) is a construction type that was commonly adopted in New Zealand between the 1880s and 1930s. URM construction is evidently vulnerable to high magnitude earthquakes, with the most recent New Zealand example being the 22 February 2011 Mw6.3 Christchurch earthquake. This earthquake caused significant damage to a majority of URM buildings in the Canterbury area and resulted in 185 fatalities. Many URM buildings still exist in various parts of New Zealand today, and due to their likely poor seismic performance, earthquake assessment and retrofit of the remaining URM building stock is necessary as these buildings have significant architectural heritage and occupy a significant proportion of the nation’s building stock. A collaborative research programme between the University of Auckland and Reid Construction Systems was conducted to investigate an economical yet effective solution for retrofitting New Zealand’s existing URM building stock. This solution adopts the shotcrete technique using an Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), which is a polyvinyl alcohol fibre reinforced mortar that exhibits strain hardening characteristics. Collaborations have been formed with a number of consulting structural engineers throughout New Zealand to develop innovative and cost effective retrofit solutions for a number of buildings. Two such case studies are presented in this paper. http://www.concrete2013.com.au/technical-program/

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to the church hall of St John the Baptist Church in Latimer Square. Masonry has fallen from one of the building's gables and has been piled against its base. The site has been enclosed in a safety fence. A spray-painted sign can be seen at the base of the building reading, "Danger! Wall unstable, stay clear". A piece of plywood is also visible weather proofing the building's roof.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

The Cranmer Court building, on the corner of Kilmore and Montreal Streets, after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Large pieces of the building have collapsed, including the octagonal corner section that housed Plato Creative from March 2008 to November 2009. Masonry has fallen onto the footpath and road, and the site has been enclosed in a safety fence to keep people away. The whitewashed interior walls of one of the apartments can be seen.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Two men carry backpacks and shopping bags along Tuam Street, stepping over emergency tape that lies across the road. Brick dust covers the street where fallen bricks have been cleared. The photographer comments, "Two members of our office carrying gear through the cordon. This was taken shortly after the 4th September earthquake. Police allowed us free access past the cordon and simply advised us to watch out for falling masonry. The access situation was much different after the February aftershock".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view looking south down Durham Street during the aftermath of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. On the left are the ruins of the historic stone Provincial Council Legislative Chamber. The building's roof and walls have already collapsed, as has the scaffolding which was erected to repair it after the 4 September 2010 earthquake. An aftershock has caused masonry to dislodge from the building, sending dust into the air.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view looking south down Durham Street during the aftermath of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. On the left are the ruins of the historic stone Provincial Council Legislative Chamber. The building's roof and walls have already collapsed, as has the scaffolding which was erected to repair it after the 4 September 2010 earthquake. An aftershock has caused masonry to dislodge from the building, sending dust into the air.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view of the Cranmer Court building on the corner of Kilmore and Montreal Streets, showing damage from the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Masonry has fallen away from the apexes of several of the building's gables, which have been reinforced with timber bracing. A green cord has been used to tie bracing to the octagonal section on the corner of the building. This corner section is the part that housed Plato Creative from March 2008 to November 2009.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the earthquake-damaged Stone Chamber of the Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings on Durham Street North. Large sections of the Chamber have collapsed and the masonry and other rubble has spilled onto the footpath in front. To the left scaffolding constructed up the side of the building has also collapsed and twisted out of shape. Wire fences have been placed along the side of the building as a cordon.

Audio, Radio New Zealand

A woman badly injured in the Christchurch earthquake is astonished a new building in the city has been found to have serious seismic flaws. The empty new office building at 230 High Street has multiple problems in its earthquake design that the city council was warned about almost two years ago. Construction of the seven-storey building continued even after those warnings in December 2017. Susie Ferguson speaks to University of Canterbury lecturer Ann Brower, who was crushed after falling masonry fell on her bus during the February twenty-second 2011 earthquake.

Audio, Radio New Zealand

On 31 May, Dr Ann Brower will deliver a lecture at the University of Canterbury, titled: A Little Guy's Guide to Making a Difference after receiving the Critic and Conscience of Society Award earlier this month. Dr Brower is probably best known for her advocacy for more stringent regulation of earthquake-prone buildings, a campaign informed by her experience of being on a bus crushed by falling masonry in Christchurch's 2011 earthquake. Twelve passengers died on or beside the bus. She's also been prominent in highlighting high country land being transferred from Crown to private ownership.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A view of part of the former Canterbury Public Library complex after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. On the left the 1870s section is visible. It has been red-stickered and the ground around it has been spray painted with the words, "Danger, wall". The building on the right is the former Librarian's House, which was built in 1894. It has been enclosed in a safety fence, and a section of masonry from its gable has collapsed. Containers have been stacked between the buildings to reinforce their walls.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

The seismic response of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, in both their as-built or retrofitted configuration, is strongly dependent on the characteristics of wooden floors and, in particular, on their in-plane stiffness and on the quality of wall-to-floor connections. As part of the development of alternative performance-based retrofit strategies for URM buildings, experimental research has been carried out by the authors at the University of Canterbury, in order to distinguish the different elements contributing to the whole diaphragm's stiffness. The results have been compared to the ones predicted through the use of international guidelines in order to highlight shortcomings and qualities and to propose a simplified formulation for the evaluation of the stiffness properties.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Existing unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are often composed of traditional construction techniques, with poor connections between walls and diaphragms that results in poor performance when subjected to seismic actions. In these cases the application of the common equivalent static procedure is not applicable because it is not possible to assure “box like” behaviour of the structure. In such conditions the ultimate strength of the structure relies on the behaviour of the macro-elements that compose the deformation mechanisms of the whole structure. These macroelements are a single or combination of structural elements of the structure which are bonded one to each other. The Canterbury earthquake sequence was taken as a reference to estimate the most commonly occurring collapse mechanisms found in New Zealand URM buildings in order to define the most appropriate macroelements.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

This paper describes pounding damage sustained by buildings and bridges in the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Approximately 6% of buildings in Christchurch CBD were observed to have suffered some form of serious pounding damage. Almost all of this pounding damage occurred in masonry buildings, further highlighting their vulnerability to this phenomenon. Modern buildings were found to be vulnerable to pounding damage where overly stiff and strong ‘flashing’ components were installed in existing building separations. Soil variability is identified as a key aspect that amplifies the relative movement of buildings, and hence increases the likelihood of pounding damage. Pounding damage in bridges was found to be relatively minor and infrequent in the Christchurch earthquake.

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

Depicts Christchurch Mayor Bob Parker striking a pose under a spotlight while standing astride broken masonry. He is being interviewed by media. On the right of frame, Progressive Party leader and MP Jim Anderton is under dark clouds and caught under the Beehive. Refers to the 2010 Christchurch mayoral elections in which Parker won over Anderton. Prior to the 2010 Canterbury earthquake, Anderton was ahead in the polls. The quake devastation was said to have given Parker a bigger profile than Anderton and been a factor in his win (TV3 9 October 2010). Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

Text reads 'Collateral damage'. A couple stand looking at a broken column surrounded by fallen masonry; text on the column reads 'Curbs on govt spending'. The man says 'It's a shame. It was due to be unveiled in a few weeks'. Context - the Christchurch earthquake of 22 February 2011; curbs on government spending can be seen as 'collateral damage'. In December 2010 Finance Minister Bill English pledged to keep a cap on spending to rein in a widening deficit as slower consumer demand hinders the economic recovery and hurts tax receipts. The earthquake will make economic recovery even more difficult. Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).