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Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

A man and woman clutch each other in terror as their house rocks in an aftershake; the man grabs his phone and offers his land for sale adding that 'foreigners are welcome'. Refers to the Canterbury earthquake of 4th September 2010 which continues to experience aftershakes, some of them quite significant. Refers also to the debate about whether New Zealand should be selling land, particularly farms, to foreigners; one side of the debate considers the sale of land to foreigners to make economic sense while others feel that our heritage is being lost. Both colour and black and white versions of this cartoon are available Quantity: 2 digital cartoon(s).

Images, Canterbury Museum

One Historic Places Trust report for Homebush Station. Homebush was in the process of being registered as a Historic Place, and this report was underway, when the homestead was severely damaged by the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Homebush Station was in the process of being registered as an historic place by the New Zealand Historic Places Trus...

Images, Canterbury Museum

Multicolour softcover book titled "The Big Quake, Canterbury September 4, 2010" by The Press; colour illustrations and maps; accompanying DVD. The extent of the damage caused by the 4 September 2010 earthquake is recorded in this book by Christchurch’s daily newspaper The Press. The overall message portrayed is one of community spirit and a com...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One red and black polyester Canterbury rugby jersey with sponsor logos for AMI Insurance, Tui beer, KooGa, ITM and Scenic Hotels on the front, rear and sleeves; signed on the front by halfback Andy Ellis and on the rear by the entire Canterbury team. The jersey was worn by Ellis in the free morale boosting ITM Cup match between Canterbury and We...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One portable toilet comprising of a black toilet seat and lid attached to a grey bucket; sticky label on the front features an image of the toilet, lightning and text including 'Thunder Down Under / Portable Toilet'; manufacturer's mark on lid reads 'Elemental'. Residents who owned commercially produced portable toilets like this ‘Thunder Down ...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One beige Campmaster portable chemical toilet made from a matte finished high-density polythene and comprising a 20 litre holding tank for waste product and a 10 litre water tank for flushing. Chemical toilets were distributed by the Christchurch City Council as one solution to the badly damaged sewerage system following the 22 February 2011 ea...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One 750ml green wine bottle with red coloured metal screw cap containing Mud House 2010 Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc ‘The Day the Ground Moved Like Jelly’; the front label has a drawing of an earthquake damaged house on a white background by Bella Kingi, while the label on the reverse details the fundraising effort supported by the sale of the bo...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One yellow faux fur duck with polar fleece fabric bill and feet; black embroidered eyes and yellow satin ribbon around neck; stuffed with Dacron and beans. Tied to the security fence surrounding the Dux de Lux restaurant and bar following its closure after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The Dux de Lux, on the corner of Hereford and Montreal S...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One white cotton t-shirt with black seismograph-like patterns in the shape of ChristChurch Cathedral. Produced to commemorate the 7.1 magnitude earthquake that struck Canterbury at 4.35am on 4 September 2010. This t-shirt was designed and manufactured by Auckland based t-shirt company Mr Vintage in October 2010 to commemorate the 7.1 magnitude ...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One white cotton t-shirt with red printed guitar logo on front and ‘Band / Together / Concert / for / Canterbury // 23rd October / Hagley Park’ in black and red writing, guitar logo and names of performers on the reverse. This concert was a free morale booster following the 4 September 2010 earthquake. The 4 September 2010 earthquake unsettled ...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One multi-coloured soft-cover book entitled 'Quake: the Big Canterbury Earthquake of 2010' with colour photographs by David Wethey and text by Ian Stuart. ‘Quake: The Big Canterbury Earthquake of 2010’ contains aerial photographs of the damage to many major heritage sites in Canterbury between Kaiapoi and Darfield after the 4 September 2010 ear...

Images, Canterbury Museum

Multicolour softcover book titled "Quake, the Big Canterbury Earthquake of 2010" with colour photographs by David Wethey and text by Ian Stuart; published by Harper Collins Publishers (New Zealand) Limited, Auckland, 2010. ‘Quake: The Big Canterbury Earthquake of 2010’ contains aerial photographs of the damage to many major heritage sites in Ca...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 6 September 2010 showing water table alteration in a view towards Park Terrace from Hagley Park, near the Armagh Street bridge. Localised flooding was an almost immediate after effect of the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes. Some areas of Christchurch were submerged, sometimes for several days, f...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 1 December 2010 showing a chimney, dislodged by the 4 September 2010 earthquake, atop a 1972 Toyota Crown car. The car to Andrie Woodroffe of 82 Hartley Avenue, Strowan. Car belonged to The chimney that crushed this car in Strowan, Christchurch was thrown from the roof of the house behind it, show...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One portrait colour digital photograph taken on 1 December 2010 showing a chimney, dislodged by the 4 September 2010 earthquake, atop a 1972 Toyota Crown car. The car to Andrie Woodroffe of 82 Hartley Avenue, Strowan. Car belonged to The chimney that crushed this car in Strowan, Christchurch was thrown from the roof of the house behind it, showi...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 6 September 2010 showing liquefaction in Hagley Park. Liquefaction is the name of the process where water pushes sand and silt above ground. These puddles of sand and silt are left above ground. Liquefaction caused huge problems when it occurred in residential suburbs as was as likely to push thr...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 6 September 2010 showing water table alteration in Hagley Park from near the Armagh Street bridge. Localised flooding was an almost immediate after effect of the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes. Some areas of Christchurch were submerged, sometimes for several days, following the earthquake espec...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 6 September 2010 showing earthquake damage to buildings on Victoria Street near Bealey Avenue. The red brick building is the Knox Church; it still stands on the corner of Bealey Avenue and Victoria Street following the earthquake, though some extreme measures were taken to make it safe. The red b...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 6 September 2010 showing earthquake damage to a red brick fence on Bealey Avenue. Unreinforced brick masonry was particularly susceptible to damage during the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes. Walls and fences constructed from on many properties were shaken loose causing piles of rubble to litter...

Research Papers, Lincoln University

At 4.35 a.m. on the 4th of September 2010 Christchurch residents were shaken awake by a magnitude 7.1 earthquake, the largest earthquake to hit urban New Zealand for nearly 80 years. It was a large earthquake. On average the world only has 17 earthquakes a year larger than magnitude seven. Haiti’s earthquake in January 2010 was magnitude 7.1 and Chile’s earthquake in February was magnitude 8.8. Although it was a big quake, Christchurch was lucky. In Haiti’s earthquake over 230,000 people were killed and in Chile 40,000 homes were destroyed. Happily this was not the situation in Christchurch, however the earthquake has caused considerable damage. The challenge for the Landscape Architecture community is to contribute to the city’s reconstruction in ways that will not only fix the problems of housing, and the city’s urban, suburban and neighbourhood fabric but that will do so in ways that will help solve the landscape problems that dogged the city before the earthquake struck.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

This paper presents the probabilistic seismic performance and loss assessment of an actual bridge– foundation–soil system, the Fitzgerald Avenue twin bridges in Christchurch, New Zealand. A two-dimensional finite element model of the longitudinal direction of the system is modelled using advanced soil and structural constitutive models. Ground motions at multiple levels of intensity are selected based on the seismic hazard deaggregation at the site. Based on rigorous examination of several deterministic analyses, engineering demand parameters (EDP’s), which capture the global and local demand, and consequent damage to the bridge and foundation are determined. A probabilistic seismic loss assessment of the structure considering both direct repair and loss of functionality consequences was performed to holistically assess the seismi risk of the system. It was found that the non-horizontal stratification of the soils, liquefaction, and soil–structure interaction had pronounced effects on the seismic demand distribution of the bridge components, of which the north abutment piles and central pier were critical in the systems seismic performance. The consequences due to loss of functionality of the bridge during repair were significantly larger than the direct repair costs, with over a 2% in 50 year probability of the total loss exceeding twice the book-value of the structure.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Liquefaction of sandy soil has been observed to cause significant damage to infrastructure during major earthquakes. Historical cases of liquefaction have typically occurred in sands containing some portion of fines particles, which are defined as 75μm or smaller in diameter. The effects of fines on the undrained behaviour of sand are not however fully understood, and this study therefore attempts to quantify these effects through the undrained testing of sand mixed with non-plastic fines sourced from Christchurch, New Zealand. The experimental program carried out during this study consisted of undrained monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests performed on three different mixtures of sand and fines: the Fitzgerald Bridge mixture (FBM), and two Pinnacles Sand mixtures (PSM1 and PSM2). The fines content of each host sand was systematically varied up to a maximum of 30%, with all test specimens being reconstituted using moist tamping deposition. The undrained test results from the FBM soils were interpreted using a range of different measures of initial state. When using void ratio and relative density, the addition of fines to the FBM sand caused more contractive behaviour for both monotonic and cyclic loadings. This resulted in lower strengths at the steady state of deformation, and lower liquefaction resistances. When the intergranular void ratio was used for the interpretation, the effect of additional fines was to cause less contractive response in the sand. The state parameter and state index were also used to interpret the undrained cyclic test results – these measures suggested that additional fines caused less contractive sand behaviour, the opposite to that observed when using the void ratio. This highlighted the dependency on the parameter chosen as a basis for the response comparison when determining the effects of fines, and pointed out a need to identify a measure that normalizes such effects. Based on the FBM undrained test results and interpretations, the equivalent granular void ratio, e*, was identified from the literature as a measure of initial state that normalizes the effects of fines on the undrained behaviour of sand up to a fines content of 30%. This is done through a parameter within the e* definition termed the fines influence factor, b, which quantifies the effects of fines from a value of zero (no effect) to one (same effect as sand particles). The value of b was also determined to be different when interpreting the steady state lines (bSSL) and cyclic resistance curves (bCR) respectively for a given mixture of sand and fines. The steady state lines and cyclic resistance curves of the FBM soils and a number of other sand-fines mixtures sourced from the literature were subsequently interpreted using the equivalent granular void ratio concept, with bSSL and bCR values being back-calculated from the respective test data sets. Based on these interpretations, it was concluded that e* was conceptually a useful parameter for characterizing and quantifying the effects of fines on the undrained behaviour of sand, assuming the fines influence factor value could be derived. To allow prediction of the fines influence factor values, bSSL and bCR were correlated with material and depositional properties of the presented sand-fines mixtures. It was found that as the size of the fines particles relative to the sand particles became smaller, the values of bSSL and bCR reduced, indicating lower effect of fines. The same trend was also observed as the angularity of the sand particles increased. The depositional method was found to influence the value of bCR, due to the sensitivity of cyclic loading to initial soil fabric. This led to bSSL being used as a reference for the effect of fines, with specimens prepared by moist tamping having bCR > bSSL, and specimens prepared by slurry deposition having bCR < bSSL. Finally the correlations of the fines influence factor values with material and depositional properties were used to define the simplified estimation method – a procedure capable of predicting the approximate steady state lines and cyclic resistance curves of a sand as the non-plastic fines content is increased up to 30%. The method was critically reviewed based on the undrained test results of the PSM1 and PSM2 soils. This review suggested the method could accurately predict undrained response curves as the fines content was raised, based on the PSM1 test results. It also however identified some key issues with the method, such as the inability to accurately predict the responses of highly non-uniform soils, a lack of consideration for the entire particle size distribution of a soil, and the fact the errors in the prediction of bSSL carry through into the prediction of bCR. Lastly some areas of further investigation relating to the method were highlighted, including the need to verify the method through testing of sandy soils sourced from outside the Christchurch area, and the need to correlate the value of bCR with additional soil fabrics / depositional methods.