Object Overview of 'Greendale Fault: investigation of surface rupture characteristics for fault avoidance zonation (Villamor et al, 2011).'
A pothole in a road surface, showing tyre marks where a vehicle has driven through the hole. The photographer comments, "After the earthquake in Christchurch in February 2011 burst underground pipes and liquefaction caused unseen hollows under the road surfaces. Occasionally after all the rest have been exposed by traffic someone would find 'discover' a new one".
A photograph of an access hole in the middle of a road in the Horseshoe Lake District which has raised above the surface of the road. White spray-paint and a road cone have been used to alert drivers of the uneven surface.
A crack running through a tar-sealed surface.
A photograph of surface flooding on Anzac Drive in Bexley.
A photograph of surface flooding on Telegraph Road in Darfield.
A photograph of surface flooding on Anzac Drive in Bexley.
A photograph of surface flooding on Anzac Drive in Bexley.
A large crack in the road surface in Kaiapoi, surrounded by liquefaction.
Damage to the asphalt surface of a car park in Kaiapoi.
Spray paint on the footpath to mark out the uneven surface.
A damaged road surface filled in with gravel. In the background is a cemetery.
A photograph of the undulating surface of Main Road in Mt Pleasant.
A photograph of cracks and liquefaction in the surface of Hagley Park.
A photograph of the undulating surface of Main Road in Mt Pleasant.
A photograph of cracks and liquefaction in the surface of Hagley Park.
Liquefaction in a horse paddock. In the foreground cracks are visible in the road surface.
A street sign and road cone near the Avon River saying "Uneven Surface".
A photograph of the warped surface of a car park in Antigua Street.
Spray painted marks on the footpath outside the Casino indicating cracks and uneven surfaces.
A damaged house with cracks down the wall sits on an uneven surface.
A photograph of liquefaction and surface flooding around a lamp post near Anzac Drive in Bexley.
A large crack running through the surface of Bridge Street on the approach to the bridge.
Peraki Street in Kaiapoi, near the railway level crossing. The road and footpath surfaces are cracked and buckled.
Peraki Street in Kaiapoi, near the railway level crossing. The road and footpath surfaces are cracked and buckled.
Peraki Street in Kaiapoi, near the railway level crossing. The road and footpath surfaces are cracked and buckled.
The previously unknown Greendale Fault ruptured to the ground surface, causing up to 5 metres horizontal and 1 metre vertical permanent offset of the ground, during the September 2010 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake. Environment Canterbury commissioned GNS Science, with help from the University of Canterbury, to define a fault avoidance zone and to estimate the fault recurrence interval. There is little evidence for past movement on the fault in the past 16,000 years. However, because of the uncertainties involved, a conservative approach was taken and the fault has been categorised as a Recurrence Interval Class IV fault (a recurrence interval of between 5,000 and 10,000 years). A PhD study by a University of Canterbury student will work towards refining the Recurrence Interval Class over the next three years. Taking a risk-based approach, the Ministry for the Environment Active Fault Guidelines recommend that normal residential development be allowed within the fault avoidance zone for faults of this Recurrence Interval Class, but recommends restrictions for larger community buildings or facilities with post-disaster functions. The report is assisting Selwyn District Council in granting consents for rebuilding houses on or near the Greendale Fault that were damaged by permanent distortion of the ground due to the fault rupture in the September 2010 earthquake. The report provides specific recommendations for building on or close to the Greendale Fault, which are being implemented by Selwyn District Council. See Object Overview for background and usage information.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Extensive damage to the road surface in Raven Quay, Kaiapoi".
A photograph of cracks in pavement, with silt from liquefaction visible on the surface.
Two road cones mark out an uneven surface on the road. The hole is filled with water.