Natalie Kerschner WEMO Photograph 114

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a silt volcano. Silt volcanoes are caused by liquefaction, when the soil loses its strength during the earthquake and the silt rises upwards, ejecting out of a hole like magma in a volcano.

BeckerFraserPhotos September 2010 photograph 090

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A sand volcano in the Halswell Primary School grounds. Sand volcanoes were caused by liquefaction where the soil loses its strength during the earthquake and the silt rises upwards, ejecting out of a hole like magma in a volcano.

BeckerFraserPhotos October 2010 photograph 003

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A typical "sand volcano" caused by liquefaction where the soil loses its strength during the earthquake and the silt rises upwards, ejecting out of a hole like magma in a volcano.

Northern Outlook Image: Laura Melville 2010:09:04 01:40:47

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Volcano holes. Small volcano-shaped mounds indicate the force of water being pushed out by the earth's movement".

BeckerFraserPhotos September 2010 photograph 088

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A sand volcano in the Halswell Primary School grounds near the playground. Sand volcanoes were caused by liquefaction where the soil loses its strength during the earthquake and the silt rises upwards, ejecting out of a hole like magma in a volcano.

Photograph by Eroica Ritchie 041

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A "sand volcano" of liquefaction silt.

UC Civil and Natural Resources Engineering Photograph 076

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of liquefaction volcanos in a garden.

UC Civil and Natural Resources Engineering Photograph 073

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of liquefaction volcanos in a garden.

Photo 068

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Photo 053

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Photo 062

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the turf and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Photo 067

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Photo 069

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Photo 064

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Photo 070

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Liquefaction 'volcanos' in Kaiapoi, after the September 4th earthquake. Silt erupted out of the ground, piling up over the surface and leaving cracks at the mouth of the volcano.

Christchurch Press Image: David Hallett 2010:09:09 03:25:57

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Sand volcanos on farmland near Halswell".

Christchurch Press Image: David Hallett 2010:09:09 03:26:41

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Sand volcanos on farmland near Halswell".

Mark Lincoln Photograph 018

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Large cracks in the playing field in Porrit Park are surrounded by "volcanoes" of liquefaction silt.

Mark Lincoln Photograph 020

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A large crack in the playing field in Porrit Park is surrounded by "volcanoes" of liquefaction silt.

Farmland Rehabilitation Photograph 44

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the remains of a large sand volcano on a farm near River Road in Lincoln.

Farmland Rehabilitation Photograph 42

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the remains of a large sand volcano on a farm near River Road in Lincoln.

UC Civil and Natural Resources Engineering Photograph 077

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a liquefaction volcano in a garden. A pen has been placed on the mound as a size reference.

UC Civil and Natural Resources Engineering Photograph 074

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a liquefaction volcano in a garden. A pen has been placed on the mound as a size reference.

UC Civil and Natural Resources Engineering Photograph 072

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a liquefaction volcano in a garden. A pen has been placed on the mound as a size reference.

Farmland Rehabilitation Photograph 43

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a rotary hoe being used to remediate a large sand volcano on a farm near River Road in Lincoln.

Farmland Rehabilitation Photograph 45

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a rotary hoe being used to remediate a large sand volcano on a farm near River Road in Lincoln.

Christchurch Mail Image: Luke Thomas 2010:10:05 15:07:40

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Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Ground features. Sue Irvine's Halswell property was flooded by sand volcanoes and included bubbled-up areas of earth".

Farmland Rehabilitation Photograph 46

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a large sand volcano on a farm near River Road in Lincoln being spread out with multiple power-harrow passes.

BeckerFraserPhotos October 2010 photograph 038

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A misaligned brick wall in front of a property with silt still piled up around it. During the earthquake, liquefaction drove silt to the surface where it erupted out of the ground like a volcano and formed a pile like the one seen here.